Livermorium (Lv)
Livermorium is element 116, a post-transition metal in group 16, period 7. A neutral atom has 116 protons, 177 neutrons and 116 electrons, 6 of them valence electrons. Many of its properties are predicted, because only a few atoms have ever been made.
Post-transition metal- Atomic number
- 116
- Atomic mass
- [293] u
- Valence electrons
- 6
- Protons · neutrons
- 116 · 177
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6
- At room temperature
- solid (expected)
Bohr model of livermorium
The Bohr model draws livermorium as a nucleus of 116 protons and 177 neutrons, with its 116 electrons on 7 circular shells: 2 in shell 1, 8 in shell 2, 18 in shell 3, 32 in shell 4, 32 in shell 5, 18 in shell 6, 6 in shell 7. Press Build the atom to watch the shells fill from the inside out. The outer ring (the Q shell) is dashed: the electrons there are the ones that take part in chemistry.
Real electrons don't travel in neat circles. They live in fuzzy orbitals, shown below, but the Bohr picture is the quickest way to count shells and valence electrons.
Electron configuration of livermorium
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p⁴
Short form (noble gas notation): [Rn] 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p⁴. The [Rn] stands for the electrons of radon, the noble gas before it.
This configuration is predicted from calculations; it has not been measured.
How many valence electrons does livermorium have?
Livermorium has 6 valence electrons.
Livermorium is in group 16, and for groups 13–18 you subtract 10 from the group number: 16 − 10 = 6. It tends to share electrons in covalent bonds.
Protons, neutrons and electrons
| Protons | 116 | equal to the atomic number |
|---|---|---|
| Electrons | 116 | equal to the protons in a neutral atom |
| Neutrons | 177 | mass number 293 − 116 protons (for its longest-lived isotope, Lv-293) |
Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons (isotopes). The count above uses the rounded atomic mass, the way it's taught in class.
Livermorium properties
| Symbol | Lv |
|---|---|
| Category | Post-transition metal |
| Group · period · block | 16 · 7 · p |
| Atomic mass | [293] u |
| State at 25 °C | solid (expected) |
| Melting point | — |
| Boiling point | — |
| Density | — |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | — |
| Atomic radius | — |
| First ionization energy | — |
| Electron affinity | — |
| Oxidation states | +4, +2, −2 |
| Common ion charge | +4, +2 |
| Discovered | 2000 by Joint Institute for Nuclear Research |
Where livermorium sits on the periodic table
Group 16: Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium, Polonium.
Questions about livermorium
How many valence electrons does livermorium have?
Livermorium has 6 valence electrons.
How many protons, neutrons and electrons does livermorium have?
A neutral livermorium atom has 116 protons and 116 electrons. Its most common form has about 177 neutrons (mass number 293 − 116 protons).
What is the electron configuration of livermorium?
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p⁴, written in short form as [Rn] 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p⁴. This configuration is predicted, not measured.
What does the Bohr model of livermorium look like?
A nucleus of 116 protons and 177 neutrons, circled by 7 electron shells holding 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6 electrons.
What is the atomic number of livermorium?
116. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, and it is what makes an atom livermorium.