Titanium (Ti)
Titanium is element 22, a transition metal in group 4, period 4. A neutral atom has 22 protons, 26 neutrons and 22 electrons, 2 of them valence electrons.
Transition metal- Atomic number
- 22
- Atomic mass
- 47.867 u
- Valence electrons
- 2*
- Protons · neutrons
- 22 · 26
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 10, 2
- At room temperature
- solid
Bohr model of titanium
The Bohr model draws titanium as a nucleus of 22 protons and 26 neutrons, with its 22 electrons on 4 circular shells: 2 in shell 1, 8 in shell 2, 10 in shell 3, 2 in shell 4. Press Build the atom to watch the shells fill from the inside out. The outer ring (the N shell) is dashed: the electrons there are the ones that take part in chemistry.
Real electrons don't travel in neat circles. They live in fuzzy orbitals, shown below, but the Bohr picture is the quickest way to count shells and valence electrons.
Electron configuration of titanium
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d²
Short form (noble gas notation): [Ar] 4s² 3d². The [Ar] stands for the electrons of argon, the noble gas before it.
How many valence electrons does titanium have?
Titanium has 2 valence electrons.
Titanium is a transition metal, so its valence electrons are less clear-cut than for main-group elements. It has 2 electrons in its outermost shell (shell 4), and electrons in its inner d subshell can also take part in bonding.
Protons, neutrons and electrons
| Protons | 22 | equal to the atomic number |
|---|---|---|
| Electrons | 22 | equal to the protons in a neutral atom |
| Neutrons | 26 | mass number 48 − 22 protons |
Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons (isotopes). The count above uses the rounded atomic mass, the way it's taught in class.
Titanium properties
| Symbol | Ti |
|---|---|
| Category | Transition metal |
| Group · period · block | 4 · 4 · d |
| Atomic mass | 47.867 u |
| State at 25 °C | solid |
| Melting point | 1,941 K (1,670 °C, 3,030 °F) |
| Boiling point | 3,560 K (3,290 °C, 5,950 °F) |
| Density | 4.5 g/cm³ |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.54 |
| Atomic radius | 187 pm |
| First ionization energy | 6.828 eV |
| Electron affinity | 0.079 eV |
| Oxidation states | +4, +3, +2 |
| Common ion charge | +4, +3 |
| Discovered | 1791 by William Gregor |
Where titanium sits on the periodic table
Group 4: Zirconium, Hafnium, Rutherfordium.
Questions about titanium
How many valence electrons does titanium have?
Titanium has 2 valence electrons in its outer shell; inner d or f electrons can also bond.
How many protons, neutrons and electrons does titanium have?
A neutral titanium atom has 22 protons and 22 electrons. Its most common form has about 26 neutrons (mass number 48 − 22 protons).
What is the electron configuration of titanium?
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d², written in short form as [Ar] 4s² 3d².
What does the Bohr model of titanium look like?
A nucleus of 22 protons and 26 neutrons, circled by 4 electron shells holding 2, 8, 10, 2 electrons.
What is the atomic number of titanium?
22. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, and it is what makes an atom titanium.